Ancient Chinese Culture Essay example - 1092 Words

While the fertile banks of the Tigris, Euphrates, and Indus rivers were giving rise to thriving civilizations in the Middle East and India, the same was happening along the banks of the Yellow River in China. A civilization arose untouched by the outside world in parallel to those of Mesopotamia, Harappa, and Mohenjo-Daro. The Yellow River civilization not only mirrored the advances made in the other two civilizations but also contributed unique ones of their own. Due to China’s geographical location - high mountains of the Tibetan Plateau to the west and vast deserts of the Gobi to the north - communication with the West and South Asia was difficult. Nomadic horsemen to the north referred to as â€Å"barbarians† began raiding China for†¦show more content†¦The Chinese language is unlike the languages of Eurasia, which were created by cross-fertilization from trade and military conquests. China continues to use a logographic system today– bearing a very strong resemblance to the writing of three thousand years ago - as opposed to alphabets. Being one of the oldest continually used writing systems has its benefits. Chinese scholars are able to comprehend their own ancient texts with more ease than other civilizations. The Chinese writing system was standardized during the Qin dynasty and eventually adopted by their neighbors- Japan and Korea. Writing facilitated the development of a bureaucratic state and literacy was restricted to the class of elite. The early Chinese books were made of cumbersome strips of bamboo. Silk was substituted as writing material in 2nd century B.C.E. A breakthrough in Chinese literature came with the invention of paper in 2nd century A.D. The creation of paper gave rise to the production of books. Chinese history is resplendent with great literary works such as the Book of Songs – the earliest collection of Chinese poetry - and the Book of Documents – one of the earliest of the â€Å"Confucian† classics. The method of printing whole pages from wooden blocks was discovered under the Tang dynasty (618 – 906). It was perfected and widely used by the 10th century. Books could be made cheaply and more people had access to texts. All these inventionsShow MoreRelatedAncient Scriptures And Its Effects On Chinese Culture2026 Words   |  9 PagesDating back to ancient scriptures, the history of China is comprised of over 3000 years worth of rich culture and no doubt is one of the most advanced civilizations to ever be discovered. Embedded within it’s history, China is known to be one of the most popular tourist spots as a result of it’s resistance to Westernization for several centuries. Aside from the scriptures and art, historians have focused more on Chinese clothing to recount the delicate history behind Chinese cultures and the centuriesRead MoreIs Confucius And Other Ancient Educators As A Representative Of Extensive And Profound Chinese Culture? 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In the earliest periodRead More Jade of Peony Essays2085 Words   |  9 Pagesdescribes a struggle of a Chinese family as they settle in Canada, with their new generation of kids born here, the family struggles to keep their children tied to their Chinese customs and traditions as they fit in this new country. The Chinese culture needs to be more open minded as it limits the future generation’s potential. Chinese culture limitations are seen through the relationship expectations, education, gender roles and jobs. Firstly, the relationship expectations in Chinese customs and traditionsRead MoreCultural Resume : Chinese Culture1930 Words   |  8 Pagesform a very unique culture; Chinese culture. The significant aspects include customs and courtesies, lifestyle, nation s history and some present scenarios and last but not the least, this report will also shed light on the styles of communication in the selected culture. China is one of the four â€Å"ancient civilizations† in the world (China Highlights). China’s official name is the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which is located in Asia at a position which makes its culture highly saturated becauseRead More Chinese Footbinding Essay3511 Words   |  15 PagesChinese Footbinding In addressing the subject of footbinding, one primary difficulty becomes apparent - that much remains within the realm of the unknowable. Any factual knowledge about the practice may only be drawn from 19th- and 20th-century writings, drawings or photographs. In addition, many of these documents represent a distinctly Western point of view, as they are primarily composed of missionary accounts and the literature of the various anti -footbinding societies.[1] The historicalRead MoreScript For English Project Analysis1993 Words   |  8 Pagestradition is the handing down of customs, convictions, legends, or a long-established virtue or way of acting. For instance, mooncakes are usually consumed in observance of the New Moon holiday in Chinese culture, whereas family feasts with turkeys are traditionally held during Thanksgiving in the American culture. At the same time, traditions behave as the foundation of many lifestyles and even entire civilizations themselves in our world. While this creates a sense of security and belonging, detriments

An Informative Project About Hepatitis B Virus - 1064 Words

This Paper was written as an informative project about the Hepatitis B virus. The paper was written in a way that clearly discusses the specific causes, symptoms, treatments and prevention associated with the virus. The paper goes into details on ways to avoid contraction of this virus as well. The most common liver infection is Hepatitis B, which is a potentially life threatening infection that is caused by the Hepatitis B Virus. â€Å"Hepatitis B is a DNA virus belonging to the hepadnaviridae family of viruses.† It originally infected birds many years ago when dinosaurs still roamed the planet. Paleovirology is the study of ancient viruses, which gives the ability to reconstruct viral ancestors to learn more about them. Mesozoic-era HBV is similar to the HBV that infects people today. Hepatitis B may cause cirrhosis or liver cancer. The liver is the second largest organ in the body, it is located underneath the rib cage. The liver processes anything that is being digested into energy and nutrients into the body. The liver also removes harmful substances from the blood. The body’s immune system responds by attempting to eliminate the virus which than causes injury to the liver. Approximately two billion people in the world has had evidence of the virus, and 2 .2 billion people in the United States are chronically infected. Majority of these individuals are carriers which means they appear healthy, but may still be able to spread the virus to others. When discussing a seriousShow MoreRelatedStandard Costing Procedure and Cost Variance Analysis of Glaxosmithkline Bangladesh Ltd13705 Words   |  55 PagesVariance AnalysisÂâ€" A study on GlaxoSmithKline Bangladesh Limited. As of my organizations requirement and supervisors suggestions and guidance, I have tried my best to make this report meaningful. I believe and hope that you will find this report informative and insightful. I, therefore, would like to request you to accept my report and oblige me with the honor of completing my internship. Any further clarification, if needed, regarding the report will be instantly responded. Thank you, SincerelyRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesundoubtedly the single most potent technology the world has ever known - more powerful even than atomic energy. Yet it is being released throughout our environment and deployed with superficial or no risk assessments - as if no one needs to worry an iota about its unparalleled powers to harm life as we know it - and for all future generations. Updated 2009. Comments email: naturolism@gmail.com More blue underlined links shortly in an ongoing update. Sign up now for our Newsletter to get invaluable

I Hate Cows free essay sample

I hate cows. I had a dream once. A largeplastic cow with huge, benevolent eyes the cheesy squared-off figure of achilds toy with a tail that didnt move, turned silhouette by the setting sun -stood drinking from a wooden trough full of scarabs. They skittered and crawledall over each other, dripping from her loose, plastic lips. She blinked at me.There was something sinister and macabre about the whole thing. Even jerkingawake couldnt erase the picture of horror from my mind. Cows are nastyanimals, let me tell you. No, they are nothing like the sleek male creatures thatwhirl so powerfully through the red cloth bravely held by the ridiculouslyfestooned and rakishly mustached Spaniards. They stink, for one thing. Oh,boy, do they stink. Its that manure-plus-hay smell that gets all over yourclothes and wont ever come out. I abhor that smell. It turns my guts likenothing else, and makes me want to burn any clothes, favorite t-shirt or no, thatcarry even its slightest hint. We will write a custom essay sample on I Hate Cows or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And let me tell you something else: milkwill never taste the same after youve spent substantial amounts of time aroundthe bovines it comes from. Every time I pick up a glass, its likePepe le Pew walked by: I can almost see the smell floating past mynose in wavy green lines. Its unnerving the way they look at you, likethey cant quite figure out how you got there and dont know what to make of you,since you dont smell like food. The damn cow just wants to be milked. Butyou know what I hate most about cows? They grow on you. When theold ones arent giving enough milk or birthing enough calves, youve got to dosomething with them. And then you realize that cows been around longer than youhave and you remember all the times she snuffled at your skirt and made you smileor laugh at her innocent, pushy displays of unquestioning affection. Butwhat do the memories change? Youve still got to do something with her, causeprofit is the name of the game, and you havent got a choice but toplay. Hack her up, put a meat hook in her backside and tan her hide intosomebodys purse. You see that leather jacket? Its got that little tag with thegold Genuine Leather written on it. Do you know the cow it came from?Perhaps. And isnt it nice to know that her hide is so sought after. Posthumousappreciation is the best kind.

Rostows Stages of Growth free essay sample

Rostow’s Stages of Growth According to Rostow doctrine, the transition from underdevelopment to development can be described in terms of a series of steps or stages through which all countries must proceed. As Rostow wrote in the opening chapter of the The Stages of Economic Growth: This book presents an economics historian’s way of generalizing the sweep modern history It is possible to identify all societies, in their economic dimensions, as lying within one of the five categories: (1) the traditional society, (2) the pre-conditions for take-off into self-sustaining growth, (3) the take-off, (4) the drive to maturity, and (5) the age of high mass consumption. These stages are not merely descriptive. They are not merely a way of generalizing certain factual observations about the sequence of development of modern societies. The advanced countries, it was argued, had all passed the stage of â€Å"take-off into self-sustaining growth†, and the underdeveloped countries that were still in either the traditional society or the â€Å"preconditions† stage had only to follow a certain set od rules of development to take off in their turn into self-sustsaining economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Rostows Stages of Growth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the principal strategies of development necessary for any take-off was the mobilization of domestic and foreign saving in order to generate sufficient investment to accelerate economic growth. The economic mechanism, by which more investments by which more investment leads to more growth can be described in terms of the Harrod-Domar growth model, today often referred to as the AK model because it is based o a linear production function with output given by the capital stock K times a constant, often labelled as A.

John Grisham - His Most Recent Releases

John Grisham - His Most Recent Releases Although  John Grisham gained popularity through legal thrillers, he has successfully branched out these past few  years. For a more up-to-date taste of his work, here is a short list of John Grishams most recent releases.   Gray Mountain Published on October 21, 2014, Gray Mountain  is about a Manhattan lawyer who spends a year in Appalachia after losing her job during the 2008 financial crisis. In the process, she learns a lot about small town culture. Eventually, she enters the courtroom for the first time in her legal career and has a  run in  with big coal that becomes dangerous. The Whistler Grishams most recent book, The Whistler was published on October 25, 2016. While judges are expected to be models of intelligence, honor, and impartiality, The Whistler tells the story of a corrupt judge who bends the law. With a plot that involves the mafia, whistleblowers, hidden identities, and danger, this book has all the ingredients to make a page-turning thriller.   Camino Island The prolific John Grisham will publish his 30th book in 2017, titled Camino Island. The story revolves around a set of handwritten F. Scott Fitzgerald manuscripts that get stolen and sold into the black market. The FBI, a secret agency, and a young writer all get involved in the investigation of these missing documents.   Fans will be excited to hear that Camino Island will be released on June 6, 2017. Dont want to wait? Check out this complete list of Grisham books  and see if you missed one of his earlier novels.

Magnesium Oxide Lab Report Essays

Magnesium Oxide Lab Report Essays Magnesium Oxide Lab Report Paper Magnesium Oxide Lab Report Paper The duration of this experiment it is a must to wear safety glasses and lab coat at all times during the lab, even when not working directly with the chemicals r apparatus. 2. Do not touch the apparatus, during the experiment it may still be which further can lead to burns. 3. Be careful around the Bunsen burner, even when switched off they may still be hot! 4. Do not inhale the magnesium ribbon. 5. Do not touch the magnesium ribbon. 6. Always wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling any chemicals. Procedure: 1 . Record the mass of a clean, dry crucible with its lid. Handle the crucible with tongs, not your fingers, to avoid moisture and oil from your fingers being transferred. ) 2. Use fine sand paper to scrape the oxide coating from the surface f a strip of magnesium ribbon approximately 2 CM length. Cut the ribbon into small pieces, place in the crucible, and weigh the crucible, its lid and contents. 3. Heat the crucible in a hot flame for 10 minutes, ensuring that th e magnesium is exposed to air but that no solid escapes. After this time the magnesium should have been converted too white powder. 4. On the electronic balance there maybe leftover substance or tiny materials accounting for total weight of the crucible with magnesium ribbon inside the crucible, with the lid on it Qualitative Observations: Magnesium Qualitative Observations (Not the actual photos of the experiment) Before Heating During Heating After Heating Color Metallic Orange Flame White Light **at different duration of the experiment** White Powder Appearance Shiny thin sheet of ribbon, with an dark grey line in the middle. The magnesium ribbon starts to transform from a shiny metallic color to a white color. Cracks are observed in the white magnesium powder. Data Processing Presentation: Processed Data table The mass of magnesium is deduced by subtracting the mass of the crucible and the lid from the mass of the crucible and the lid with magnesium in the crucible before the heating process. Average of mass of magnesium: Crucible + Lid + Magnesium) ? (Crucible + Lid) Average of mass of magnesium 0. 036Â ± 0. Egg The mass of oxygen is deduced by subtracting before heating total mass of the crucible and the lid with magnesium in the crucible from the after heating process total mass of the crucible and the lid magnesium in the crucible before the heating process. Average of mass of magnesium = 0. 02 grams Conclusion Evaluation: Conclusion: Evaluation: = 00000 x 100 Random error is an error in measurement caused by factors that vary from one measurement to another. When the crucible was weighed with the lid and with r without the substances, we should of kept the same person weigh to keep a constant circumstance and methods used during the experiment and the electronic balancer should be kept the same, to reduce any random error by changing the electronic balancer. Repeat measurements during experiments, to reduce random error enough to get a normal distribution. Mean values will be close to the actual value, which helps reduce random error. Systematic error is where something has gone wrong with the measuring device or method. To reduce systematic error we should apply the correct methods and be thorough tit the procedure for the experiment, be aware requirements of the lab and take precaution during the lab with methods applied during the experiment. To determine systematic error it most obvious in a graph within outlier in the graph. Outlier represents the systematic error. In this case if I were to determine a systematic error during the lab I would consider making a graph which would represent the data collected during the experiment. I should keep these systematic and random errors in my mind when conducting my next experiment to stop these errors to occur again in the experiment.

Rhetorical Analysis of No Country for Old Men as a Phychological Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of No Country for Old Men as a Phychological Thriller - Essay Example The idea of killing is familiar to all of the main characters with little to no moral center. The novel is existentialist in its discussion of these crimes, creating no real moral or justice and abandoning the idea of resolution to the existence of the socio-path. He comes and he goes, creating a wake of resolutions when the lives of those he passes are ended. The resolution to his existence is not there, however, which causes many reviewers to take pause. In the Cormac McCarthy novel No Country for Old Men uses symbols of killing, innocence, and a post-apocalyptic idea of morality in which America and the wars of the later 20th century have left people flat and cold, the meaning of life lost in an existential fog. In the opening passage of No Country for Old Men, Cormac McCarthy paints a chilling picture of what it means to be a killer. The main character, Sheriff Ed Tom Bell, relates a story of someone he had arrested who had been given the death penalty for a crime that most peopl e thought to be a crime of passion. A nineteen year old boy was dating a fourteen year old girl and had killed her. When he visits, the boy tells him that he had always wanted to kill someone and he had chosen to kill her, not been driven to it by some emotion he could not control. The passage goes on to describe his confession where he admits that he liked the feeling of killing and if he could do it again, he would do it. With this anecdotal tale, McCarthy begins the journey of Bell through a psychological thriller that shifts between soulless men and innocents who do not have a clue about the evil that men will do to each other. The book can be seen as a representation of the gothic Romance thriller with a center of evil through which the rest of the action takes place in psychologically driven tension. Garret calls the moment in which the other characters face the evil in the story as the recognition scene, embedding it into the psychology of evil. In this moment, the benign cha racter sees that they are facing evil and in that moment know their fate which had not been clear to them before this point. One difference that McCarthy places in his work, however, is that the world is relatively flat and without great peaks and valleys of emotion. It is a deconstruction of the metaphysical presence that the character that represents evil, Anton Chigurh, establishes through a lack of thrill despite being a part of what should be a thriller. It is not that the novel does not thrill. What it does not do is feed the reader the emotions associated with the events in the story. Therefore, as Chigurh acts he is even more horrifying because of the dispassionate tone that is related through his series of murders. Before page ten Chigurh has killed to police officers, the first in a struggle after which he calmly does what he needs to in order to quietly escape a police station. The second is even less emotional as he simply steps outside of the car and uses his pressurize d air in which to put a hole in the head of the officer. It is clean, precise and practiced. Chigurh is a man with no soul, one very similar to the one that Bell has described after meeting with the boy before his execution – but Chugurh has no emotions about his work and barely registers curiosity at times (McCarthy 1-7). The comparison made between Moss and

Social Entrepreneurship - Ruby Cup Research Paper

Social Entrepreneurship - Ruby Cup - Research Paper Example They first started their mission to foster menstrual hygiene along with the women empowerment in the poverty-stricken slums of Kenya. In addition, through the product, they wanted to decrease the school drop-outs of girls, due to cultural taboos and menstruation issues. In spite of their barriers in fund raising and acceptance of their product, they kept their business strongly motivated towards attaining their goal. They rely on providing a sustainable solution taking into consideration financial, social as well as environmental aspects. Their innovative approach towards solving the social problem by educating women and facilitating them to generate income has gained greater recognition among the global business. And the result of which, Ruby Cup is the winner of The Global Social Entrepreneurship Competition in 2012 and also Venture Cup in 2012. When I was a junior at Amherst Central High School in 2002, one of my best friends was an exchange student from Osterby, Germany named Maxie Matthiessen. Along with two other girls from her business college in Copenhagen, she developed her own menstrual hygiene product. It was six years ago when Maxi and her team were curious about their vision of changing the world for a better tomorrow. By challenging the existing methods of business and development, they started to hunt ways to develop an initiative, focused towards societal issues. When Maxie and her friends got introduced to the menstrual cup, they found it beneficial, cost-saving and a hygienic solution to the menstrual needs. Furthermore, they got to know about the societal problems faced by the girls and women in the developing countries. The unaffordability of these women in getting the sanitary pads and the resultant struggle in the society, made Maxie and her friends to contemplate about launching this product in an wides pread manner in those countries.. Soon in March 2011, they started gathering the

The conventions of the horror genre to create a vision of Victorian London Essay Example for Free

The conventions of the horror genre to create a vision of Victorian London Essay Robert Louis Stevenson uses the conventions of the horror genre to create a vision of London in the Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde to great effect. Stevenson uses all the different conventions of horror together to create a disturbing tale of good an evil, and incorporates the features of mystery, crime and death, suspense and atmosphere. One of Stevensons most effective themes in Jekyll and Hyde is the use of mystery. Stevenson asks and sets up countless questions throughout the novel, but answers only a few. This means that the reader is continually having to answer questions for themselves, but before you have come to a conclusion, Stevenson has set out another for you to try and answer. The first question, one which lasts throughout the novel, is the background of the characters and what has happened in the past between them. At first Stevenson gives a small description of Mr. Uttersons appearance and some of his background: Mr Utterson the lawyer was a man of rugged countenance, and his few hobbies, but little background information is given about any of the characters. Utterson, Jekyll and Lanyon all seem to be close friends at the start, but throughout the novel Lanyon and Jekyll grow apart as Lanyon discovers the truth about Jekyll. Lanyon also says that what Jekyll had been prior to this had been unscientific balderdash, and that Jekyll had begun to turn wrong in mind. This shows that Lanyon thought that Jekyll may uncover something untoward. During the novel we are never actually told what Jekylls plans are, but we are able to assume that something extraordinary and peculiar is about to be revealed. We know that he is a doctor, but no specific information on what the areas of science that he practices in are, what he has achieved to make him so important, and what his current areas of work are. The Victorian audience at the time would have thought that Jekyll may have been doing something wrong ever since the mention of the door being connected to Jekylls house, as body snatchers brought dead bodies to scientists through secretive measures so that the scientists could do medical experiments. They may have thought that at the time, but is not something that comes to mind for the modern day reader, as this is a very rare event in modern times. One of the largest unanswered questions in Jekyll and Hyde is what was Sir Danvers Carew actually doing on the night he was murdered. We get the impression that Carew was intending to meet Hyde, but no definitive answer is given by Jekyll as to what both Hyde and Carew were doing there in the first place, and why it was necessary for Hyde to kill him. Carew was meant to be a kind and well respected MP, but we never know what he was doing in that disreputable part of London in the first place. As is normal in a horror novel, the use of crime and death is hugely prominent in Jekyll and Hyde, with the whole novel and interest in Mr Hyde beginning with a horrific act of violence. Mr Hyde is walking through London one evening, when he and a little girl ran into one another. This though is not the horrifying part, as after they had collided Mr Hyde trampled calmly over the childs body. Mr Hyde casually walks off, and justice is only done when Mr Enfield chases after Mr Hyde. If it had not been for Mr Enfield, then this hideous crime would have just occurred, and nothing would have been done about it. As it is, Mr Hyde pays the girls family a sum of one hundred pounds so that his name does not become disreputable. Possibly the most disturbing thing about this incident though, is the fact that Hyde shows no remorse for what he has done, and all that he cares about is his name and whatever honour that he may have had, which can also be said for many people in both Victorian times and modern day. Appearance and reputation is the most important thing, what is on the outside, yet their secret and evil side that is on the inside is overlooked. Another terrifying theme is the death of Dr Lanyon. At first Lanyon is described as a hearty and healthy man, who has a boisterous and decided manner. This though changes drastically as the novel unfolds. He is said to have grown pale, and he was visibly balder and older, yet this has only happened over a short period of time. We know that Lanyon has discovered something terrible about Jekyll, and that he is quite done with that person. We later find out what it is that Lanyon had found out, the terrible truth behind Jekyll, and his true feelings which are disclosed in Doctor Lanyons Narrative. Lanyon is so distraught after finding out the truth, that not only his mentality suffers, but his usually excellent physical state rapidly deteriorates and is shortly followed by his death. A different aspect of crime that is connected with Jekyll and Hyde is homosexual blackmail. Although Stevenson never specifically mentions homosexuality, it is fair to say that it is what the reader is meant to believe and if he had talked directly about it then he would have been thought of badly when it was first published. In Victorian times homosexuality was a crime, and was thought of a lot worse then than it is now, and it would have been thought that Jekyll was being blackmailed by Hyde and that he was homosexual. We find out that this is not the case, and that Hyde is in fact Jekylls evil side. As well as Lanyons death, there are also a number of other deaths. The first of these, Sir Danvers Carew, is described as Suspense is a very important horror them in Jekyll and Hyde, as it incorporates lots of other themes, and is what makes any horror story terrifying. Suspense is a build up of lots of different things, and the excellent use of atmosphere and mystery is what makes the novel so terrifying. Probably the greatest cause of suspense is that the reader only finds out the truth about Jekyll and Hyde towards the end of the novel. Mr Utterson is used as a cipher, as the story is told with the reader only finding out what Mr Utterson finds out. The reader is gradually able to piece bits together from what Utterson uncovers, but as facts are rarely given, only opinions, nothing is ever particularly clear. Due to all this personal opinion, we are unable to tell what is fact and what is just incorrect and what is just incorrect personal opinion. Throughout the novel we just get given what Utterson thinks and knows, and even with Lanyons and Jekylls statements, we are still unable to tell what is the truth, as both narratives contradict each other. Lanyon describes Jekylls transformations as horrific: , yet Jekyll says that they are: . Either way, the thought of the evil side of someone taking over their body is horrifying, but with this varying of opinions it leads us to think what other things described are inaccurate. Atmosphere and the descriptions of London used by Stevenson are very important aspects of horror in Jekyll and Hyde. It shows the importance for all of the different aspects, as they all closely link together. The atmosphere that Stevenson creates builds suspense and adds mystery, and the eerie atmospheric descriptions are metaphors for the crime and death that goes on throughout the novel. One of the most important descriptions of London and the positioning of places is Soho. In Victorian times Soho was an extremely disreputable part of London, and crime and indecent activities were widely linked to this part of the city. That is why it is strange that a place like Soho was positioned in the middle of the supposedly respectable west side of London. This is the same as with Hyde, as he is a bad and disreputable person among a group of important and well respected people. Throughout Jekyll and Hyde Stevenson uses vivid descriptions of the city of London to portray the eeriness of the people and events that occur. He regularly talks about the fog and mist that hung over the city, which some may say was because of the huge industrial changes that Britain was going through, but after looking deeper into the story you can tell that this is not the reason, and that Stevenson is cleverly using the idea of physcogeography. When bad and mysterious events are happening, this is shown in the weather and atmospheric descriptions that Stevenson uses. This is excellently shown by: The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city, and: a pale moon, lying on her back as though the wind had tilted her. Both these descriptions of London are implying that the city is dead, but this is only a metaphor for the terrible events that are happening in the city. The second quote occurs when Poole and Utterson are preparing to break into Jekylls cabinet, which is shortly followed by the death of Hyde and Jekyll. The first is shortly after the death of Sir Danvers Carew, and illustrates the feelings of the characters being described, in this case Utterson and Mr Guest. From Jekyll and Hyde we can tell that all of the different conventions of the horror genre are required to create a truly terrifying novel. Stevenson uses these conventions to create a vivid and horrific vision of Victorian London, with not only its physical description but of the people inside it. Mystery, suspense, crime and death and atmosphere are all incorporated and closely joined to create a truly spine chilling horror novel.

Hezbollah the Terrorist Organization Essay -- Politics Terrorism Terro

Hezbollah: Hezbollah is a terrorist organization that originated in Lebanon in 1982. In just more than twenty years Hezbollah has proved itself to be an effective terrorist organization. Hezbollah is much more than just a terrorist organization. In Lebanon it has become a major political party and social force to be reckoned with, as well as a major supporter of other terrorist groups. Hezbollah is a powerful organization and this power has led to its dominance in the world of terror. Hezbollah was formed in 1982 by radical Lebanese Shiites who wanted to create an Islamic state in Lebanon and to free their land of Israeli domination (Byers, 2003). These extremists called their group Hezbollah, in English this translates to Party of God, because it combined political ambition with religious fervor. At this time Hezbollah was small and poorly armed, but soon they came to the attention of Iran. Iran was interested in exporting its brand of Islamic revolution to other Arab countries and in gaining greater influence in the region. Because of this interest Iran sent Hezbollah money and weapons, sent their elite Revolutionary Guard to Lebanon to help in the struggle with the Israelis, and set up training camps for Hezbollah in Lebanon (Byers). By 1985, Hezbollah was an organized group, with clear goals, specific strategies, and the financial resources to carry out its plans. This had been greatly accomplished with the help and support of Iran and Syria. The two main goals of Hezbollah have been first the adoption of Islamic rule in Lebanon. Most important though, is their goal for the removal of Israel. In principle this goal transcends the Israeli occupation of Lebanon. Hezbollah does not believe in the existence of Israel.... ...zbollah Be Next? Foreign Affairs, 82 (6), 54-67. Cohen, Amit. (2004). The Hezbollah Within Us. Retrieved March 30, 2004, from: http: //www.maarivint1.com Copans, Laurie. (2004). Hezbollah Influence Grows Among Palestinians. Retrieved march 30, 2004, from: http: //signonsandiego.printthis.clickability.com Lathem, Niles & Dan, Uri. (2004). Iran, Hezbollah Aid crazed Cleric. Retrieved April 23, 2004, from: http: //www.nypost.com Makdisi, Karim. (2004). Hezbollah 1, Israel 0. Retrieved April 14, 2004, from: http: //www.bitterlemons-international.org Saouli, Adham. (2003). Lebanon's Hezbollah: The Quest for Survival. Retrieved April 1, 2004 from LookSmart's FindArticles database: http: //www.findarticles.com Schiff, Ze'ev. (2004). Background Hezbollah had a Role in Ashdod Bombing. Retrieved March 30, 2004, from: http: //www.haaretzdaily.com

Knowledge Is Virtue Essay

We define knowledge as the state or fact of knowing, familiarity, awareness or understanding, gained through experience or study and virtue as the moral excellence and righteousness. All of us have knowledge but not all the knowledge we have is the same, same with virtue. All of us have virtue but not all is practicing it. All of us have knowledge because it is a gift from God that we can keep and share to others. Through knowledge, one is also given the knowledge of understanding one’s self and what surrounds him. One can be taught about life through knowledge. Having knowledge is also having the ability to know what is right and what is wrong. With knowledge we can also do change or improvements. For instance, the knowledge of sickness, the more we know about our sickness, the more we know that it can be cured and by that, life our life is improved. We can make improvements through knowledge physically and mentally. We can identify problems and find solutions because of knowledge, but these problems is not caused by knowledge itself but from the individuals’ use of knowledge. By having simple knowledge about these problems, it already creates vision of solutions. Knowledge is a virtue that we should know what is good for us. Virtue is something that is good or something that is right. If we have done something that is not right, for example, if the knowledge of power is used improperly, it is not because of the mere knowledge already. It is because of the emotions that caused him to do that. If that’s the case, he doesn’t possess virtue. Knowledge is like the other virtues that we should keep and be reminded of always. We should use it not to seek advantage over others but to share it and make them a better individual. Through knowledge, we know how to understand and we know how to act right. We just have to use knowledge justly so we will know about virtue. Thus, knowledge is the creation of virtue. Knowledge is virtue.

Xcom/285 Business Writing Portfolio

Business Writing Portfolio Mea Greenidge September 26, 2010 XCOM/285 Essentials of Managerial Communication Axia College The writing skills and techniques learned in my Essentials of Managerial Communication class can and will benefit me in my future classes as well as in my career in many ways. A few of the skills learned are including, but not limited to the appropriate ways of communicating depending on the audience, e-mail and business letter writing etiquette and also the importance of unbiased speaking in the workplace.It is important to have been taught these skills as I now know that there are many changes that need to be made to my future business plan and even in my current work day. I can use the skills that I was taught to give efficient business lectures and presentations. The class also taught me the importance of appropriate introductions and closing. Within this lesson I learned that every presentation should be altered based on the type of audience to whom it will be presented to as a presenter can easily lose his or her audience if the presentation is not created specifically for that audience.Another lesson in the Essentials of Managerial Communication class discussed the proper ways to begin business writing. It is important to have business writing mapped out and clearly thought out before one even begins writing. A writing map or outline can be used as a guide for a writer so that he or she may effectively include all the necessary information needed within the writing.In my future endeavors as a wife, mother, daughter, student, employee and future business woman, I will take the skills learned from this communications class and apply them in any way possible as these skills are skills that will only push me further down the road to success within my business. [pic] NOTICE OF CHANGE IN BUSINESS HOURS Effective SEPTEMBER 1, 2010 In an effort to preserve fuel and energy and due to the slowing economy, Effective September 1, 2010, Dress for A ll will be changing its store hours to Monday-Saturday opening at 10am and closing at 9pm. MemorandumTo:ALL COMPANY EMPLOYEES CC:ALL MANAGERS From:PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGER Date:9/26/2010 Re:NOTICE OF CHANGE OF BUSINESS HOURS Effective September 1, 2010, Dress for All will be changing its store hours to Monday-Saturday opening at 10am and closing at 9pm. As a result of this change all employee work hours will be changing as well. In the coming weeks full time employees’ work schedule will be converted to a four day work week/ ten hour work day. For all part time employees, schedules will be converted to a 1, 2, or 3 day work week depending on the average number of hours worked.There will NOT be a change in compensation at this time. Thank you all for your continued hark work and cooperation regarding this matter. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to contact your immediate supervisor. Regards, Mea Greenidge Public Relations Manager Confidential E-MAIL To: STORE M ANAGERS CC:OWNERS From:PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGER Date:9/26/2010 Re:NOTICE OF CHANGE IN BUSINESS HOURS Managers, As you all may be aware the cost of gas has been rising immensely and in an effort to lower operations cost, Dress For All will be changing its store hours.The new store hours will be Monday-Saturday opening at 10am and closing at 9pm. As a result of the change in the business hours, there will also be a change in employee work hours. In the coming weeks full time employees work schedule will be converted to a four day work week/ ten hour work day. For all part time employees, schedule will be converted to a 1,2, or 3 day work week depending on the average number of hours worked. The change may be difficult to adjust to for some of the employees, so it will be your jobs as managers to assist and work with them as much as possible during the transition.The employees will be notified of the change within the next week and will be directed to their immediate supervisors with a ny questions or concerns that they may have. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact me at any time. Regards, Mea Greenidge Public Relations Manager Many companies have implemented the benefit of tuition reimbursement. Tuition reimbursement benefits both the employer and the employee. Our company has approved a budget plan for the expansion of tuition reimbursement for those employees seeking a bachelor’s degree in business and communication.In most cases, companies begin determining whether or not to implement tuition assistance and/or tuition reimbursement during the developmental stages of the company’s benefit package. Other companies wait for the success of the company to begin rolling, and then decide to provide additional benefits for its employees. Offering tuition assistance to employees seeking a bachelor’s degree in business and communication, will qualify employees for new internal professional opportunities. Having employees with bache lor’s degree in business and communications will also benefit the company both financially and socially.Business Communications degree programs teach students important skills they'll need to work in the communications-dependent world of business. Students come out of Business Communications programs ready to write, speak in public, schmooze with clients and do everything else it takes to work as communications managers, public relations specialists, technical writers and more. â€Å"People who complete a business communication program are qualified for a wide range of careers and work in a multitude of industries; a wide variety of industries require the skills and expertise gained in business communication degree program.People working in this field are responsible for constructing, disseminating and evaluating different types of communications, including press releases, e-mails, television commercials, print ads, business reports, conferences and websites. † (Babcoc k, 2009) Companies with internal business and communication degree recipients are able to complete tasks internally and for a fraction of the normal cost, which another company would have to seek an external company to perform the job. This will prove its self tremendously in the marketing department.Many companies are at times forced to seek additional resources when trying to market their company and/or products. Implementing the addition of tuition reimbursement to our employee benefits, will lessor the number of times we have to call outside sources, and provide us with more internal resources for marketing and public relations. According to the University of Phoenix, â€Å"The Bachelor of Science in Business with a concentration in Communications promotes the knowledge and skills needed for effective communication within the business environment. Giving employees the option to higher their education to completing their bachelor’s degree in business and communication not only builds additional rapport between the employee and employer, but it also gives the employer the opportunity to create new positions based on the capabilities of the current employees. In addition to the perks, rewards and benefits received from the current position, having a bachelor’s degree in business and communication will boost ones earnings potential tremendously, which will ultimately boost the earning potential of the company in which they are employed. The monetary value of a college degree is hard to dispute. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, adults aged 18 and older holding a bachelor's degree earned an average of $51,544 in 2004, compared with an average of $28,645 earned by those with a high school diploma–or about 73% more. Multiplied over the course of a lifetime, that could translate into a difference in income of hundreds of thousands of dollars. † (Value of a College Degree) Take public relations specialist for example, â€Å"Median a nnual earnings for public relations specialists were $43,830 in 2004.Communications professionals involved in advertising and related services had salaries of $50,450 in the same year. † Therefore, the earning potential of individuals seeking a bachelor’s degree in business and communications will increase immensely following the completion of the program. Not only will the employees who take advantage of the newly implemented benefit of tuition reimbursement see an increase in their earning potential, they will also see an increase of different positions within a business that they now qualify for.The of the different careers people with a bachelor’s degree in business and communications include but are not limited to, a Public Relations Specialists, Technical Writers, and Communications Managers. â€Å"Graduates of Business Communications bachelor's degree programs generally have better employment opportunities than students who graduate from associate program s. † (Education-Portal) Competition within the field of business communications is particularly high at the entry-level, and the number of qualified applicants usually exceeds the number of job openings available.Employments for a business communication degree regiments is expected to grow faster than average to 2014, as the demand for professional and it's skilled candidates grows with the competitive business industry. As previously stated, having internal employees with the capabilities of the above mentioned job titles will benefit the company in multiple ways including being able to complete different task without being required to hire an outside company or individual. In most cases, businesses are able to tilize individuals with a degree in Business and Communications, to Draft press releases, contact people in the media, prepare speeches, conduct presentations, make film presentations, slideshows, and compile media kits. Putting together reports, articles, and news sto ries are also among the many things that can be done. When our company expands or employee benefits, adding tuition reimbursement for those seeking a Bachelor’s Degree in Business and Communications will ultimately only provide positive benefits for our company and its employees.With the skills and training learned in the Business and Communications program, our employees will be able to boost our marketing and public relations department as well as our technical support and information systems department. In addition, with the conflict management and strong writing skills learned employees will also be able to assist in the employee relations department if needed. Adding tuition reimbursement for those seeking a Bachelor’s degree in business and communications will ultimately be another step forward in our company’s journey to success. References Babcock, Pamela. 2009. Always More to Learn. † HRMagazine 54, no. 9: 51. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (access ed September 14, 2010). Education-Portal. com  © copyright 2003-2010 Education-Portal. com. All other trademarks and Copyrights are the property of their respective owners. All rights reserved. â€Å"Tuition Reimbursement and More. † Connection: The Journal of the New England Board of Higher Education 19, no. 1 (Summer2004 2004): 21. Professional Development Collection, EBSCOhost (accessed September 14, 2010). â€Å"Value of a College Degree. † Facts On File: Issues & Controversies, EBSCOhost (accessed September 26, 2010).

Planning for Feasibility Study Essay

Planning for Feasibility Study Essay Planning for Feasibility Study Essay Planning for Feasibility Study Pine Valley Furniture is currently going through a proposed transition to implement two new systems into their business. With current sales up at Pine Valley furniture, it has increased the overall workload. One is the Customer Tracking System; this system will be in place to help the marketing department track customers purchases, along with activity and sales trends. The other system being proposed to be implemented is the WebStore. The WebStore will assist Pine Valley Furniture stay current in the market place with other companies that are selling furniture to individual, and commercial alike. In doing so, these systems will generate revenue for the company. It will take some expenditure to integrate the systems, but the overall long run, it will provide profits for the company. The Customer Tracking System will show us, how the company is doing with purchases, it will also show what the trendy products that customers are searching for are, and in addition, it will give the sales department a greater look at the overall sales numbers. The WebStore will make shopping immensely more convenient for customers to purchase from us. Not everybody has the time to go to a store front, the WebStore will give the customers the ability to browse and purchase in the comfort of their own home. Currently we are using a manual method as well as outdated computer software to track sales related information. In this current system we are currently in, it is causing delays in buying trends, and the data that is being generated is taking some time to get to the spread sheet after the initial point of sale occurs. In addition to that, manual data entry can be prone to have errors involved in the process. With this PVF believes that the work is overloading the systems, which in turn is causing more work, because of inaccurate information. The whole system needs to be evaluated against our current manual methods alongside the new computer systems to be implemented. With sales up a nd growth happening throughout Pine Valley Furniture, it is important we stay ahead of the old ways of doing business. Implementing these systems should handle all customer activity such as, purchasing, support, reporting, as well as assist marketing personal to understand the market as a whole. These new system will put PVF on the market with other competitors, but mainly to better serve our customers. With the market for furniture very vast in nature, it is important that Pine Valley Furniture takes advantage of any opportunity that may present itself. The size of the furniture business is relatively large, with furniture and furnishing sales reaching $101.41billion in the United States. In

3 Additional Services Law Essay Writers Can Provide You with

3 Additional Services Law Essay Writers Can Provide You with 3 Additional Services Law Essay Writers Can Provide You with When you are trying to solve a problem, you need the best assistance possible. You want to find an experienced person to help you, having some background knowledge in the field you need the help with. This concerns almost any situation in your life. Of course, due to the Murphys Law, if you have some friends, who are law essay writers, you never have to deal with a paper on this subject. But wait, do not fall apart. These experts are not just good at writing; they are also masters at a wide variety of legal topics and can offer crucial insights into almost any issue concerning the law. There are three key services that these experts can provide you with. 1.  Ã‚   Academic Insights It is impossible to succeed in writing if you do not have the right tools. Fortunately, legal essay writers do not study just law, they also deal with other subjects, so can help you acquire the knowledge you need. They can also have some academic experience in writing different papers, thus, can lead you to the best books, articles, and other resources on the particular subject that you have to cope with. Therefore, you do not have to spend much time, searching for the material to use in your piece, and your studying becomes a lot easier. 2. Professional Experience Most law students spend much time interning or working to gain some experience. While this is a great learning opportunity, it can be overwhelming. There is a huge difference between studying law in the classroom and implementing the knowledge that you have learnt on practice. If you make a decision to become a lawyer, you will have the person who is going to share his/her experience with you as well as provide you with some advice on how to gain the best practice in the particular sphere. This gives you a huge advantage over your classmates. As you are already armed for the most difficult issues that you can face, while your group mates live in the ignorance. 3. Full-Time Guidance and Support You never know what kind of issues you are going to face during the life. As the adult life is full of tricky situations, when you need some law consultation, having such friends will be really handy. You can refer to them for help in order to know how to act in the particular situation to be legally correct. Asking your friends, who are aware of this item is the best way to get any kind of confusion. Nothing can be more useful in your life than the friendship with law essay writers, as there are so many benefits that you can gain in addition to the educational assistance. Moreover, you do not pay money for the assistance that is also a great advantage.

Psychological effects of Propaganda in relation to Totalitarianism Essay

Psychological effects of Propaganda in relation to Totalitarianism - Essay Example Totalitarianism is a new form of government falling into the general classification of dictatorship, a system in which technologically advanced instruments of political power are wielded without restraint by centralized leadership of an elite movement for the purpose of affecting a total social revolution, including the conditioning of man on the basis of certain arbitrary ideological assumptions, proclaimed by the leadership in an atmosphere of coerced unanimity of the entire population. (qtd. in Linz 66). Therefore in a totalitarian regime propaganda is the psychological weapon used to make the unassuming masses toe the political line. The role of propaganda in bringing about such a revolution has been emphasized. History is littered with examples of the use of propaganda in transforming hitherto placid peoples into bloodthirsty vengeful killers. Records of such unimaginable violence raise many questions about the darker side of human nature and what goads ordinary individuals into performing unspeakable acts. Thus the focus of this essay will be to study the psychological effects of propaganda in relation to totalitarianism. Totalitarianism relied heavily on fear to control individuals, stifle resistance, root out dissent and eliminate opposition. According to Bramstedt, propaganda and fear share a symbiotic relationship, "Terror without propaganda would lose most of its psychological effect, whereas propaganda without terror does not contain its full punch" (175). Fear and terror were used to prompt individuals to behave in the manner approved by the regime. Propaganda had the effect of taking the edge out of the sting of terror by justifying the heavy-handed tactics employed as essential in the journey towards a bright future and by painting a rosy picture of the future under the current government. The combined use of fear and propaganda to great effect was demonstrated in the aftermath of the Russian revolution. The Bolsheviks under Lenin unleashed the red terror on the populace to deal with the insurgents. The secret police known as the Cheka and the red army under Trotsky sought to destroy the anti-Bolsheviks with a firm hand. Thousands were executed in cold blood or imprisoned in concentration camps that spread like a rash throughout the country. The masses cowered in fear and were psychologically ripe for the effects of propaganda. Agitation propaganda had been employed by Lenin via inflammatory publications like the Pravda to discredit the Tsarist regime and to fan the flames of revolution. Having seen the revolution to its bloody end and by demonstrating their might the Bolsheviks set about establishing a totalitarian system. Propaganda was used to garner popular support for the government and to enlighten the masses about the benefits of communism. People were led to b elieve that communism was the panacea for all their problems and the rewards were manifold for those who embraced its tenets. Needless to say the masses were convinced and thus propaganda bolstered by fear laid the groundwork for the development of a powerful Soviet Russia. The Nazis used a like combination of propaganda

Organization and Group Process Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organization and Group Process - Coursework Example The facilities that organizations use in the course of operation require a lot of monitoring so that they can remain relevant to the process and this requires the leadership or the management team to provide necessary resources to achieve the set goals. This necessary in all organization including the education department where there are various demands that leaders need to put into consideration to come up with strategies to enhance learning for all the students (Passino, 2004). In order to achieve a conducive learning environment for all students, district leader can apply various plans that will ensure that all of them can achieve the most out of their learning. This means the that a district leader will need to have a good understanding of the stakeholders of education in a certain environment in that they will understand the needs of all of them and come up with ways to address them specifically. In order to optimize the learning environment in a district, a leader will need to understand the norms of the people he or she is leaders so that to get the understanding of why people behave in certain ways while they are in the environment. This will ensure that the leader will be able to introduce a plan that will maximize on the various ways those stakeholders have been doing their own things. In order to optimize the learning environment, a district leader will need to understand the organizational structure of the learning institution he or she leads to come up with a plan through which he or she can make communication. The understanding of the organizational structure will ensure that a district leader will be able plan of the best way to ensure that information flows in efficient ways that will ensure that there are no delays and the target gets it with ease (Passino, 2004). To achieve the goal of creating and sustaining an optimal learning environment, there are different things that a district leader will need to carry out the necessary program evaluati on to determine them that are productive and others that may not be necessary. The evaluation will eliminate the unproductive program and optimize on those that give little results and ensure that they improve on the processes that are necessary in implementation of learning. The process of program evaluation will need to be carried out regularly to track on the progress of the programs that are introduced at different times in the course of evaluation and change. This will ensure that all the programs are able to optimize on the available resources that will ensure that minimum losses are made and that all that is invested resources produce the best at such conditions (Doyle, 2008). In the process of optimizing the learning environment, there are different principle and models through which leaders achieve the process of enhancing learning in a district. These models target to maximize the resources by providing a good platform for participation of all stakeholders as well as ensur ing a good control of conditions of that they implement to have the students benefit. One of the models through which a district leader can use to optimize on the learning environment is the action research model whereby the he or she seeks to obtain empirical data that can be used to inform the various things that happen in the organization. Through the action resear

Organizational Structure CJ409 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organizational Structure CJ409 - Essay Example According to Moore and Trojanowicz (1998), â€Å"it is only when fear is unreasonable,or generates counterproductive responses, that it becomes a social problem† (pp. 1-2). Concurrently, the authors disclosed that through police strategies for reducing fear, subsequent repercussions actually lead, not only to a reduction in crime but in improving quality of life issues. 3. What are some possible causes of fear of crime at the Center? The possible causes of fear of crime at the Center are news reports of criminal activities and rumors or â€Å"second-hand information about criminal victimization† (Moore & Trojanowicz, 1998, p. 3), particularly about car thefts in parking lots. 4. What is missing in the current community-police relationship between the Greenfield Police department and the senior citizens? What is apparently missing in the current community-police relationship between the GPD and the senior citizens is direct contact and coordination with the senior citizens at the center. This means that police officers should not be only seen to regularly patrol in the area, but they should go to the center, communicate with the senior citizens regarding their alleged fears, and assure them that crime incidence is significantly low and that their neighborhood is actually safe. 5. Suggest a community policing strategy to reduce the fear of crime at the Senior Citizens’ Center. As the evening shift supervisor, one of the community policing strategies that could potentially assist in reducing fear of crime at the Senior Citizens’ Center is to regularly be on foot patrol at the park during evenings, after communicating with them directly at the center. Also, they should put signs to discourage teen-aged kids to skateboard along the pathway to the park and ask community leaders to provide another space for skateboarding. As confirmed in a study written by Antony Pate, et al. (n.d.), â€Å"programs ‘designed to increase the quantity

Power And Powerlessness Essay Example for Free

Power And Powerlessness Essay When I hear the word power many thoughts come to mind, but I feel power has many different forms. We could assume that power means more money, a bigger title, a corner office, a more generous budget, or â€Å"a seat at the table†. But that may not be true for everyone. For some, power may mean having the ability to control one’s career destiny in keeping with personal values and interests. Or power could mean having the opportunity to be creative as a project lead without too much interference from others. Or power could mean making decisions with trust and autonomy, such that no one can easily override your decisions. To me, power is control and the capacity to bring about change. For example, the United States government, they control everything and also other countries. Our government has the power to create and print money, regulate interstate and international trade, make treaties and conduct foreign policies, declare war, provide an army and navy, establish post offices, and make laws necessary to carry out these powers. In addition to their elusive powers, both the national government and state governments share the power of being able to; collect taxes, build roads, borrow money, establish court’s, make and enforce laws, charter banks and corporations, spend money for general welfare, and take private property for public purposes. Power is also acquired through possession or acquisition of the following resources: authority, money, status, knowledge, professional degrees, goods, services, votes, public support, information, ability to influence the media, and relationships with powerful people. Power can be derived from one’s authority to make decisions in organization s or by virtue of one’s gender, ethnicity, social class, or personal attributes, such as appearance and charisma. People often acquire power by establishing alliances and coalitions with others to support or oppose various policies or decision-making options. Workers in social service organizations also acquire power because they often decide whether individual clients receive services, resources, or referrals. But how would it feel to not have power, a sensation of being out of control with no apparent solution to help you to regain control, powerlessness. When the lack of capability to affect the realities of life that you can’t control such as; how others act towards you, if you will get a job you want, what the weather will be like, or if an accident will occur. Powerlessness can be simply defined as the absences of power resources. However, the â€Å"Mother of empowerment practice, Barbara Solomon (1976), defines powerlessness as a product of the interaction between individuals and the social structures that limit life opportunities for them: Powerlessness is defined here as the inability to manage emotions, skills, knowledge, and/or material resources in a way that effective performance of valued social roles will lead to pe rsonal gratification. The power deficiency so often seen among minority individuals and communities stems from a complex and dynamic interrelationship between the person and his relatively hostile social environment. When you feel powerless, you feel afraid to express your needs because you fear that what little you have will be taken from you. You may have learned powerlessness if you were kept in powerless positions repeatedly and/or over long periods of time, possibly during childhood, by those who used external forces (money, physical strength, legal status, and/or military force) to control you. You may have been abused as a child, a partner or spouse, an employee, a soldier, or you may have been the victim of racial or ethnic attacks. Such prolonged abuse can cause you to become afraid to feel even your own needs, to admit to yourself that you need something, you become immobilized and in certain critical ways you stop growing, you cease to thrive. When powerlessness is learned, it becomes self-perpetuating, even if the external forces are no longer there. An abused child may grow up to feel permanently powerless as an adult, even though his or her parents no longer have physical or economic power over him or her. One may then enter into a situation that repeats childhood experiences such as; living with or marrying an abusive partner, and therefore keeping oneself in externally imposed danger. Or one may keep oneself down through self-abuse, compulsive behaviors, and depression because the powerlessness has become internalized. The first step to overcoming learned powerlessness is to learn to feel entitled to your personal rights. You have the right to live a life free from physical, emotional, sexual, and financial mistreatment. You have the right to be treated with respect, to earn a livable income, to be informed of matters that affect you, and to express yourself freely, without harming others. Most importantly, you have the right to ask for what you need, even though you may be turned down, and to fight for what you need and want, even if you are turned down. Most people who have learned powerlessness barely feel entitled to speak, let alone to speak freely. Often professional therapy is necessary to overcome the ingrained patterns. Never the less, to overcome learned powerlessness, you must gradually, but persistently lay claim to each and every human right, one after the other. The purpose of the empowerment approach is to help people overcome feelings powerlessness by acquiring power. Mondros and Wilson (1994) differentiate power from â€Å"empowerment† by arguing that this second concept is actually a psychological state that â€Å"allows one to pursue concrete activities aimed at becoming powerful.† The literature on empowerment in organizations focuses on two distinct categories of organizations actors: program beneficiaries and staff members. Rapp, She ra, and Kisthardt (1993) define empowerment in individual clients as; confidence, control, decision authority, influence, autonomy, and self-trust.† According to Shera and Page (1995), empowerment of employees in organizations can be defined as, â€Å"a process of enhancing self-efficacy among organizational members through the identification of conditions that foster powerlessness and through their removal by both formal organizational practices and informal techniques that provide efficacy information.† Empowerment in the social services can take place within the context of relationships between workers and clients, within the organization’s formal decision-making structure, and within the contact between the organization and institutions or groups in its external environment. It should be noted that empowerment in organizations involves the redistribution of resources such as decision-making authority or goods and services. Therefore, in addition to producing specific outcomes, empowerment is a political process. Staff members may feel they will lose power and authority to make service decisions if clients are treated as equal partners in the decision-making process. Because one of the primary assumptions of empowerment in direct social work practice is to reduce feelings of powerlessness by increasing personal self-perceptions of one’s own power, the model focuses on facilitating the acquisition of leadership skills and actual political power among agency clientele. Staff members also acquire power through participation in organizational decision-making and by advocating for improvements in organizational policies and services. The organization gains political power as constituents become empowered to advocate for changes in government policies and campaign for meaningful social change. In conclusion, power, powerlessness, and empowerment all have a different meaning and serve a different purpose but each one has a powerful meaning in its own way.

India Risk Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

Global investors, markets, and foreign governments are often held responsible by their citizens or shareholders to ensure the potential is measured against the risks when investing. In recent years the strength of India on the global market has continued to show signs of political and economical growth that makes regions in India attractive investments by various markets. India has taken steps to recognize these opportunities to gain Foreign Direct Investment by realigning government policy towards new business potential. Such potential is often marked by â€Å"it’s too good to be true† as global investors determine the risk through in depth analysis of regions around the world and much like team A has outlined for Kerala, India. Foreign Trade and Investment Investment in India has increased significantly since the 2001 Indian Government’s approval of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) reform. In mid-year meetings of 2001, the Government liberalized the restrictions on FDI into India in select industries. The infrastructure of the Indian Government is increasingly interested and actively pursuing FDI from countries such as the United States. India is currently offering automatic business approvals for new businesses that have an initial investment of 100% foreign capital in industries that are considered tourism based. (Indian Embassy, 2001) According to the 2001 guidelines issued under section 4 (iv.), Businesses that are considered to be â€Å"commercial premises, hotels, resorts, city and regional level urban infrastructure facilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which qualify for up to100% FDI. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows to India amounting to US$4.06 billion were received during the financial year 2001-2002, with $2.46 billion (USD) received from the U.S. just in 2000-01 alone. This marked a 66% increase from the previous year. According to FDI Magazine, India was the number 3 recipient of FDI from January of 2002 to June of 2004. India had a total of 41 Foreign Direct Investment projects, beaten only by the United Kingdom with 53 and China with 54. FDI Magazine shares this observation: â€Å"Noticeable among the results for the second quarter is the rise of China to become the number one destination for foreign investment by number of projects. However, perhaps more significant is the increase in the number of projects heading for India, up over 77% year on year while the jobs creat... ...he World Wide Web at the University of Phoenix Library February 28, 2005:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://80-online.culturegrams.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/secure/world/world_country.php?contid=3&wmn=Asia&cid=75&cn=India No author. N.D. Retrieved from the World Wide Web February 28, 2005:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.country-studies.com/india/labor.html Singh, G. (2005, February 26). India has just 4% share of Asia media spend. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News [ProQuest]. Pg.1. University of Phoenix Online Collection. Available: http://proquest.umi.com: (2005, March 1). The Economist. Retrieved on February 27, 2005 from: http://www.economist.com/countries/India/profile.cfm?folder=Profile-Political%20Forces The Economy Watch website provides current economical and financial news for most foreign entities at http://www.economywatch.com/ The International Trade Reporter website provides trade laws and regulations for most foreign entities at http://www.bna.com/itr/index.html U.S. Department of State; Kerala-Republic of India; United States Department of State, Public Domain; Accessed 18Feb2005 at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/3797.htm India Risk Analysis Essay -- essays research papers Global investors, markets, and foreign governments are often held responsible by their citizens or shareholders to ensure the potential is measured against the risks when investing. In recent years the strength of India on the global market has continued to show signs of political and economical growth that makes regions in India attractive investments by various markets. India has taken steps to recognize these opportunities to gain Foreign Direct Investment by realigning government policy towards new business potential. Such potential is often marked by â€Å"it’s too good to be true† as global investors determine the risk through in depth analysis of regions around the world and much like team A has outlined for Kerala, India. Foreign Trade and Investment Investment in India has increased significantly since the 2001 Indian Government’s approval of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) reform. In mid-year meetings of 2001, the Government liberalized the restrictions on FDI into India in select industries. The infrastructure of the Indian Government is increasingly interested and actively pursuing FDI from countries such as the United States. India is currently offering automatic business approvals for new businesses that have an initial investment of 100% foreign capital in industries that are considered tourism based. (Indian Embassy, 2001) According to the 2001 guidelines issued under section 4 (iv.), Businesses that are considered to be â€Å"commercial premises, hotels, resorts, city and regional level urban infrastructure facilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which qualify for up to100% FDI. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows to India amounting to US$4.06 billion were received during the financial year 2001-2002, with $2.46 billion (USD) received from the U.S. just in 2000-01 alone. This marked a 66% increase from the previous year. According to FDI Magazine, India was the number 3 recipient of FDI from January of 2002 to June of 2004. India had a total of 41 Foreign Direct Investment projects, beaten only by the United Kingdom with 53 and China with 54. FDI Magazine shares this observation: â€Å"Noticeable among the results for the second quarter is the rise of China to become the number one destination for foreign investment by number of projects. However, perhaps more significant is the increase in the number of projects heading for India, up over 77% year on year while the jobs creat... ...he World Wide Web at the University of Phoenix Library February 28, 2005:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://80-online.culturegrams.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/secure/world/world_country.php?contid=3&wmn=Asia&cid=75&cn=India No author. N.D. Retrieved from the World Wide Web February 28, 2005:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.country-studies.com/india/labor.html Singh, G. (2005, February 26). India has just 4% share of Asia media spend. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News [ProQuest]. Pg.1. University of Phoenix Online Collection. Available: http://proquest.umi.com: (2005, March 1). The Economist. Retrieved on February 27, 2005 from: http://www.economist.com/countries/India/profile.cfm?folder=Profile-Political%20Forces The Economy Watch website provides current economical and financial news for most foreign entities at http://www.economywatch.com/ The International Trade Reporter website provides trade laws and regulations for most foreign entities at http://www.bna.com/itr/index.html U.S. Department of State; Kerala-Republic of India; United States Department of State, Public Domain; Accessed 18Feb2005 at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/3797.htm

How does Fitzgerald’s variety of language techniques illustrate his views on the lifestyle of the era, here and in the novel as a whole

With reference to at least two passages, show how Fitzgerald's variety of language techniques illustrate his views on the lifestyle of the era, here and in the novel as a whole. Fitzgerald uses many different literary techniques to portray his opinion of the lifestyle during the 1920's. The use of Nick Carraway as narrator continually exposes the readers to both the positives, and negatives of this era. Throughout â€Å"The Great Gatsby† Fitzgerald explores key issues of â€Å"The jazz age†. The role of women and the hierarchy of society are two of the main issues which Fitzgerald explores. Throughout passage one there is a big divide of social status and it is clear that the differences within the class hierarchy are profound: â€Å"He's so dumb he doesn't know he's alive.† Fitzgerald uses the brutal character of Tom Buchanan to portray the divide and disapproval of working class citizens like Wilson. The use of strong adjectives portrays the maltreatment of the working class. In passage two Fitzgerald presents the opposite end of the hierarchy to the readers. The readers are therefore exposed to a world of wealth: â€Å"†¦superior couples holding each other tortuously, fashionably, and keeping to the corners†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The continued use of adjectives by Fitzgerald this time creates a different image. He creates a disjointed atmosphere which is contrasted by wealth. The negative imagery that is created challenges the idea of The American Dream and the fallible belief of characters like Wilson that success and therefore wealth is essential. This contrasts the first passage where Fitzgerald portrays the negatives of poverty. Fitzgerald suggests that there was no equilibrium of success and wealth in that society. However, Fitzgerald was in fact part of the higher social class who contributed to these parties. Infidelity is a key issue that Fitzgerald exposes in this novel and this is especially true for passage one: â€Å"She smiled slowly and, walking through her husband as if he were a ghost, shook hands with Tom, looking him flush in the eye.† Fitzgerald uses his narrator Nick to observe the desperate actions of a typical working class woman of the 1920's. Fitzgerald's provocative language, â€Å"looking him flush in the eye,† portrays Myrtle's obsessive pursuit of wealth and supposed happiness. The idea of The American Dream is once again divulged, as Myrtle's quest for wealth sacrifices her marriage. The comparison of Wilson to a ghost is important because it shows that Fitzgerald disapproves of Myrtle's actions and is trying to portray her callous behaviour. The technique of formal, introductory action, â€Å"shook hands with Tom† is used by Fitzgerald in contrast to the deeper more intimate relationship beneath the superficial appearance. This represents Fitzgerald and his sympathy in this instance for the poor, hardworking citizens; even though he was himself part of this wealthy lifestyle. In passage two no direct infidelity is explored by Fitzgerald; however the idea of frivolity amongst couples is: â€Å"There was dancing now on the canvas in the garden; old men pushing young girls backward in eternal graceless circles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Fitzgerald's use of â€Å"pushing† and â€Å"graceless† suggests that there is no connection or intensity in relationships. Similarly to the worthless marriage of Wilson and Myrtle, these couples are awkward and without attachment. The role of women is a major flaw of society within this time period. Fitzgerald suggests mistreatment in his description of, â€Å"†¦old men pushing young girls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He emphasises the lack of connection amongst couples and presence of control over women. He disapproves of the treatment of women; however he does not defend the women or even approve of their actions, â€Å"single girls dancing individualistically†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His language is sarcastic and mocking towards the drunken women at Gatsby's party. Both sides of Fitzgerald's arguments are made more significant by the location, representing the treatment in public situations. Fitzgerald is portraying the lack of reaction amongst citizens of the 1920's. Similarly to when Tom broke Daisy's nose. Although the action was recognised by Nick it was not dwelled upon. This domination is re-emphasised later in the novel at another public party location: â€Å"Whenever he sees I'm having a good time he wants to go home.† Fitzgerald repeatedly features dominating, bullying husbands who control their wives and restrict their lives. However, some would argue that the control is to stop inappropriate behaviour of the typically drunk women of the era. This control over women is paralleled in passage one by the dominating male character of Tom: â€Å"I want to see you†¦Get on the next train.† Fitzgerald uses Tom's brutal nature and blunt direct speech to portray the worthlessness of women. Fitzgerald's language is domineering and controlling, which suggests that he has unfaithful motives for his arrangements with â€Å"his girl†. Fitzgerald portrays an entirely different character to the readers after Myrtle's death: â€Å"Tom drove slowly†¦In a little while I heard a low husky sob, and saw that the tears were overflowing down his face.† Fitzgerald show's the readers that this lifestyle can be fragile and vulnerable at times. The readers see a new side of Tom and it proves that although he was a domineering character he did have true feelings for Myrtle. Fitzgerald still represents the era by using bold and masculine adjectives, â€Å"†¦low husky sob†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This description of Tom portrays the idea that people could not show fragility without trying to be superficially strong. The male domination of characters like Tom is similar to the behaviour of Mink in â€Å"Postcards† by Annie Proulx. Mink is a very possessive and restricting character, he controls his wife Jewell: â€Å"†¦Mink wouldn't hear of it. Had a fit every time I wanted to go somewhere†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This possession is very similar to Tom and his control that he needs over Daisy. However there is a difference, Mink and Jewell are very poor farmers which are directly contrasted by the wealth of Tom and Daisy. The American Dream that so many people went in search of, hoping that money meant happiness, is proved false. Two completely different male characters from different wealth background are still dominating and controlling. Therefore, American Dream seekers like Wilson, Myrtle, The Joad family from â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath†, Lenny and George from â€Å"Of mice and Men† are blinded by a dream. Excess is an issue of the 1920's among successful wealthy people similar to those of Gatsby, Daisy and Tom. Fitzgerald displays initial disapproval of this gluttony: â€Å"†¦Champagne was served in glasses bigger than finger-bowls.† The use of an upper class comparison makes this sentence more powerful. Fitzgerald compares excess with more flamboyant objects. This is effective in the portrayal of the lavishness of parties. However, his possible disapproval is soon altered by the effects of alcohol and the narrator is soon engulfed in a wealthy society: â€Å"I had taken two finger-bowls of champagne, and the scene has changed before my eyes into something significant, elemental, and profound.† Fitzgerald condemns the consumption of alcohol and displays its dangers perfectly through the transformation of his narrator and his observations. He suggests that society's vision is clouded by alcohol and excessiveness rendering it impossible to possess educated and sensible opinions of the extravagant lifestyle. The excess of a public environment is directly contrasted with the poverty of a private location in passage one: â€Å"†¦a grey, scrawny Italian child was setting torpedoes in a row along the railroad track.† This observation made by Tom is purposefully displaying Fitzgerald's disapproval of the excess of the Buchanon's lifestyle. He shows readers that poverty was ignored by the upper class. Instead of helping the area characters similar to Tom want to ignore them and return to their luxurious lifestyles. The private location is essential in the portrayal of the ignorance to poverty and the lack of connection with menial workers like Wilson. The entire novel displays one of the biggest flaws of 1920's society, superficiality. Passage two contains the superficiality of parties and public events: â€Å"†¦Vacuous bursts of laughter rose toward the summer sky.† Fitzgerald uses a powerful adjective to describe the laughter as being fake. Imagery is created of clouds floating into the sky; this is created by Fitzgerald to display the superficial atmosphere. Everyone at the party is contributing to the hollow laughter and taking advantage of Gatsby and his hospitality. Fitzgerald is showing the readers a lack of genuine care or enjoyment, it is a superficial persona. Fitzgerald continues to show the readers that superficiality is present in private scenes like passage one: â€Å"Get some chairs†¦his wife moved close to Tom.† Fitzgerald portrays how a relationship can be superficial. Myrtle's order is brazen in order to spend time with Tom. He shows the readers that people of this era were superficial, for public show and private gain. This is similar behaviour to that of Daisy later on in the novel: â€Å"Make us a cold drink†¦As he left the room again she got up and went over to Gatsby and pulled his face down, kissing him in the mouth.† This behaviour is paralleled to Myrtle's; they are both very cold and daring in these cases. Fitzgerald believes this is wrong and he displays this by the quick pace of the sentence, it shows a rush to end the action. The behaviour is similar to that of Tom and his affair with Myrtle, which shows a strength emerging for women. Daisy is now entering into an affair just as Tom is. Fitzgerald represents a clear disapproval of the unfaithful nature of society. I think Fitzgerald uses lots of literary techniques to cover all the key issues of the 1920's. He successfully describes situations vividly and encourages the reader using Nick as narrator. The readers are encouraged to believe that the â€Å"Jazz age† was excessive, superficial, wealth obsessed and unfaithful. However, as Fitzgerald shows using Nick, it was a very attractive era which captured people and engulfed them in money.

Virginia vs. Massachusetts

Shayma Hammad History 1301, Monday Wednesday 11:00-12:20 Dr. Snaples December 3rd, 2012 Debate Paper This essay explains and shows the differences between the Virginia colony and the Massachusetts colony. People all over Europe started coming down to the â€Å"new world† (America), they came to the new world for many reasons such as land, food, religion and much more. Before I start to contrast between the 2 colonies I’m going to give a general background on them. Massachusetts was established in 1620 and Virginia was established in 1607.Virginia’s colony was Jamestown and Massachusetts was Salem and Boston. Virginia was located in the southern colony, it also offered land. Tobacco was a profitable crop, so John Rolfe took seeds and planted them in Virginia; because of this Virginia became an economic purpose. Virginia settled by men so Virginia dies out and this caused women to immigrate. Virginia was not a religious country and people ran away from Virginia bec ause they were in debt and did not want to be a servant. The society in Virginia compared to Massachusetts are very different.Virginia economics were based on a cash crop industry. The London Company bought Virginia they believed that there were metals in America so they sent a group of settlers to Jamestown. In 1619 the House of Burgesses was formed, which made Virginia a strong democracy. Jamestown became the first English colony. Later on the colony began to collapse due to disease and starvation but they expanded their colony with the arrival of tobacco, slaves and servants. Massachusetts established religious purpose: Puritans and separatists.Since the puritans were really religious people in Massachusetts had to attend church, and some of the people were tied to a religion that they may not agree with. It is based on the Puritan worship and religion Satan and the Catholic Church was the worst for puritans. The Puritans established Harvard University they loved education. Relig ion was much less significant in Virginia unlike in Massachusetts. The puritans believed that science is religion because it explains God. They also believed that God does not like poor people and they did not like handicapped people.Massachusetts also brings family; unlike Virginia who brought only men at first. Massachusetts also didn’t spread out like Virginia did. Massachusetts was a self governing colony Virginia and Massachusetts did not provide freedom for their people. The puritans in Massachusetts expected their people to follow their beliefs and they were very strict on you, even though Virginia was not a religious colony you still did not have freedom because you were either going to be a servant or a slave. The life expectancy in Massachusetts was much better than Virginia because in Virginia a lot of people died and suffered from diseases and salvation.

How to Find Degrees of Freedom in Statistics

How to Find Degrees of Freedom in Statistics Many statistical inference problems require us to find the number of degrees of freedom. The number of degrees of freedom selects a single probability distribution from among infinitely many. This step is an often overlooked but crucial detail in both the calculation of ​confidence intervals and the workings of hypothesis tests. There is not a single general formula for the number of degrees of freedom. However, there are specific formulas used for each type of procedure in inferential statistics. In other words, the setting that we are working in will determine the number of degrees of freedom. What follows is a partial list of some of the most common inference procedures, along with the number of degrees of freedom that are used in each situation. Standard Normal Distribution Procedures involving standard normal distribution  are listed for completeness and to clear up some misconceptions. These procedures do not require us to find the number of degrees of freedom. The reason for this is that there is a single standard normal distribution. These types of procedures encompass those involving a population mean when the population standard deviation is already known, and also procedures concerning population proportions. One Sample T Procedures Sometimes statistical practice requires us to use Student’s t-distribution. For these procedures, such as those dealing with a population mean with unknown population standard deviation, the number of degrees of freedom is one less than the sample size. Thus if the sample size is n, then there are n - 1 degrees of freedom. T Procedures With Paired Data Many times it makes sense to treat data as paired. The pairing is carried out typically due to a connection between the first and second value in our pair. Many times we would pair before and after measurements. Our sample of paired data is not independent; however, the difference between each pair is independent. Thus if the sample has a total of n pairs of data points, (for a total of 2n values) then there are n - 1 degrees of freedom. T Procedures for Two Independent Populations For these types of problems, we are still using a t-distribution. This time there is a sample from each of our populations. Although it is preferable to have these two samples be of the same size, this is not necessary for our statistical procedures. Thus we can have two samples of size n1 and n2. There are two ways to determine the number of degrees of freedom. The more accurate method is to use Welch’s formula, a computationally cumbersome formula involving the sample sizes and sample standard deviations. Another approach, referred to as the conservative approximation, can be used to quickly estimate the degrees of freedom. This is simply the smaller of the two numbers n1 - 1 and n2 - 1. Chi-Squarefor Independence One use of the chi-square test is to see if two categorical variables, each with several levels, exhibit independence. The information about these variables is logged in a two-way table with r rows and c columns. The number of degrees of freedom is the product (r - 1)(c - 1). Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Chi-square goodness of fit  starts with a single categorical variable with a total of n levels. We test the hypothesis that this variable matches a predetermined model. The number of degrees of freedom is one less than the number of levels. In other words, there are n - 1 degrees of freedom. One FactorANOVA One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) allows us to make comparisons between several groups, eliminating the need for multiple pairwise hypothesis tests. Since the test requires us to measure both the variation between several groups as well as the variation within each group, we end up with two degrees of freedom. The F-statistic, which is used for one factor ANOVA, is a fraction. The numerator and denominator each have degrees of freedom. Let c be the number of groups and n is the total number of data values. The number of degrees of freedom for the numerator is one less than the number of groups, or c - 1. The number of degrees of freedom for the denominator is the total number of data values, minus the number of groups, or n - c. It is clear to see that we must be very careful to know which inference procedure we are working with. This knowledge will inform us of the correct number of degrees of freedom to use.